Classify the object before counting the roll
Rule 15 distinguishes loose natural impediments from movable artificial obstructions. If removing a movable obstruction moves the ball, it is replaced without penalty. Removing a loose impediment off the green can bring a penalty if it moves the ball, subject to the rule’s exceptions.
Imagine a ball resting against a loose leaf, then an otherwise similar ball resting against a movable rake. Removing the supporting object makes each ball roll a few centimetres. The final movement looks alike; the object category differs.
The restoration can look the same
In both simple examples, the player may need to return the ball, so a camera showing only replacement will not explain whether a penalty applies. Rewind to identify what was moved and why. Its being easy to lift does not make a natural object an artificial obstruction.
Keep the location visible too, because the putting green and other stated exceptions affect the outcome. This comparison assumes an ordinary ball off the green and a genuinely movable rake, rather than a boundary or integral object. It explains why a commentator asks what the object was instead of measuring how far the ball rolled. Classification comes before the score consequence.
Questions answered
Are a loose leaf and movable rake the same rules category?
No.
Does identical ball movement guarantee the same penalty?
No. The object, location and exceptions matter.
Sources & further reading
Official references for the subjects discussed. Service terms and device software can change.